Les hiéroglphes égyptiens et l’écriture cunnéiforme de la Mésopotamie apparurent inépendamment il y a 5500 ans environ. Les pouvoirs politiques dans l’Eggype ancienne et en Mésopotamie s’épanouirent dans lessiècles suivants , en partie parce que l’écriture permis aux Etats de contrôler les réseaux économiques et de consolider leurs pouvoirs politiques. La plume, précurseur du style) fut plus puissante que l’épée. C’est du moins ce qu’affoment le historiens traditionnel.
En fait, aux origines; il y eut trois écritures. La troisiéme aujourd’hui nommée pro-Elanite, apparut un peu avant les hiéglypes et le cunéiforme. Elle ffut diffusée par les clercs de l’époque. Elle permit de stabiliser l’ensignement en complémentant la Parole
à suivre, non traduit
That is beginning to change, with far-reaching consequences. Although proto-Elamite remains largely undeciphered, there is tantalising evidence that it became by far the most advanced of the three scripts in operation about 5000 years ago. What we now know about the script’s story is so surprising and counterintuitive that we might need to rewrite the early history of writing.
Remarkably, this obscure writing system could represent a giant leap forward in how we represent speech in written form. Spoken language might be 1.7 million years old, but it wasn’t until proto-Elamite that we may finally have been able to start writing down exactly what we were saying. So why, then, did this incredible script vanish not long after it was invented?
Proto-Elamite writing tablets have been turning up at archaeological sites across the Iranian plateau since 1899. Most were found at the ancient city of Susa, which is associated with the Elam culture that appeared about 4500 years ago. But the tablets predate the rise of Elam, which is why the writing system has been named proto-Elamite. The latest thinking is that the oldest tablets are about 5200 years old, suggesting they slightly postdate the earliest texts written using Egyptian hieroglyphs or an early version of cuneiform dubbed proto-cuneiform.
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